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Modern society has created numerous ways to cope with everyday stress and other unpleasant emotions. From the middle of the XX century, this task was deputed to special medicines. First, barbiturates became popular but their side effects appeared to be too heavy and included addiction. Then, benzodiazepines were created and they are still one of the most often prescribed groups of tranquilizers.

Valium or diazepam belongs to this group and got a worldwide recognition as a powerful remedy for anxiety and spastic disorders and more.

What is Valium and how does it influence the body

The active ingredient of Valium is diazepam. This compound interacts with GABA receptors in the brain proving the sedative effect. The body itself utilizes the same mechanism using gamma-aminobutyric acid to decrease the activity of neurons (brain cells). However, natural process may not be sufficient due to overstimulation or other issues.

In this case, Valium helps to calm down the nervous system. It has anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects. Their strength depends on the dosage, that is why the specialist has to select the proper one individually for the patient to reach the desired effect.

The list of indications for its usage includes:

• anxiety disorder;
• insomnia;
• muscular spasms due to injuries;
• spastic conditions due to the brain and spinal cord damage;
• various joint diseases (bursitis, arthritis, rheumatic, arthrosis);
• headaches;
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
• epileptic status and seizures;
• premedication before surgical interventions;
• movement disorders;
• paranoid-hallucinatory states.

In addition, it reduces the secretion of gastric juice at night, so is sometimes prescribed for the treatment of gastric ulcers.

Valium is considered safer than barbiturates as it has fewer side effects and they are not so pronounced. Still, it requires accuracy and utilization only according to the prescription.

Intake of Valium

The most common dosage form is tablets. For acute conditions, Valium can be also utilized as an intramuscular or intravenous injection.

The standard dose varies depending on the patient’s condition and is from 2.5 to 10 mg 2-3 times per day. The maximum daily dose is 60 mg.

Contraindications

As this medicine possesses quite a powerful effect on the body, there is a list of certain contraindications that include the following conditions:

• hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to benzodiazepines;
• coma or shock;
• acute alcohol intoxication;
• acute intoxication with other sedative drugs;
• myasthenia;
• closed-angle glaucoma;
• acute respiratory failure.

In addition, it is prohibited to use Valium during pregnancy and lactation. Harmful effects on the fetus were revealed and proven by many investigations and teratogenic activity is high.

As for the children, small doses of the medicine can be utilized starting from six months. This should be done very carefully and under the doctor’s control. The same goes for elderly people who were prescribed this medicine.

Side effects

The list of possible side effects is quite large but it’s worth mentioning their rare occurrence. The patients should be aware of the following:

• Neurological disorders, including drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, problems with concentration, disorientation, poor coordination, slowing of brain functioning, headaches, amnesia, spasms, suicidal tendencies, hallucinations and irritability.
• Hematological issues, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, etc.
• Digestive disorders like dry mouth, heartburn, pain in the stomach, hiccups, appetite changes, nausea, vomiting, constipation, liver issues and jaundice.
• Cardiovascular problems, including tachycardia and low blood pressure.
• Urogenital disorders, such as urinary incontinence or retention, libido changes and kidney damage.
• Allergic reactions.

When utilized for a long time and in inappropriate dosage, this medicine may provoke addiction and withdrawal syndrome. That is why the process of treatment must be strictly controlled by the doctor. The initial dose must be low and then it is gradually increased if needed. To stop the treatment, the process must go slowly back to the lowest dose.

The overdose of the medicine provokes suppression of the respiratory center and breathing, which may lead to coma and even death. The same is observed in the case of the combination with other sedative medicines or alcohol. That is why such combinations are strictly prohibited.

Conclusions

Altogether, Valium is one of the most often prescribed medicines that has a strong and swift effect and helps millions of people all over the world. Still, its powerful action requires accuracy and understanding of the rules of the usage. This medicine must be prescribed by the doctor, who selects the dose individually and follows the treatment to prevent unpleasant side effects, including addiction and withdrawal syndrome.